1 July 745

Rioting erupted in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, over allegations of fraud surrounding the recent legislative election.

Bashkirian Airlines Flight 2937 and DHL Flight 611 collided in mid-air over Überlingen, Germany, killing all 71 people aboard both aircraft.

Legislative powers in Scotland were first devolved from the Scottish Office in London to the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh.

A North Korean Ilyushin Il-62M jet crashed into the Fouta Djallon mountains in Guinea, killing all 23 people on board.

Sony introduced the Walkman, a portable audio player that changed listening habits by offering users the ability to play one's own choice of music.

The Belfast Banking Company, which issued banknotes in Northern Ireland, merged with its rival Northern Bank.

Ghana became a republic, with Kwame Nkrumah as its first president.

The first flight departed New York City's John F. Kennedy International Airport, then known as New York International Airport.

Second World War: The Grand Quartier Général of the French Army was disbanded, following the French surrender.

The first Grant Park Music Festival was held in Chicago's Grant Park.

The Singapore Improvement Trust was founded to oversee the construction of public housing in Singapore, where more than three quarters of residents live.

Yan Ruisheng (advertisement pictured), the first full-length Chinese film, is released in Shanghai.

First World War: The first day of the Battle of Albert, the opening phase of the Battle of the Somme, became the bloodiest day in the British Army's history, with 57,470 casualties, including 19,240 deaths.

The Remington No. 1, the first commercially successful typewriter, went on sale.

American Civil War: Confederate general Robert E. Lee launched a series of disjointed and ultimately unsuccessful assaults on the nearly impregnable Union position on Malvern Hill in Henrico County, Virginia.

Belgium introduced its first series of postage stamps, known as epaulettes (example pictured).

Thomas Lempriere and James Clark Ross carved a sandstone marker on Tasmania's Isle of the Dead, one of the oldest benchmarks for measuring sea level rise.

American Revolutionary War: Five American privateer vessels raided the British settlement at Lunenburg, Nova Scotia (depicted).

Williamite forces defeated the Jacobites at the Battle of the Boyne near Drogheda, marking a turning point in the Williamite War in Ireland.

The Westminster Assembly of Divines first assembled to restructure the Church of England.

Jan van Essen and Hendrik Vos were burnt at the stake in Brussels (pictured), becoming the first Lutherans executed by the Council of Brabant.

At the centennial ceremony of the Dominion of Newfoundland National War Memorial, the Commonwealth War Graves Commission allowed an unprecedented second Canadian Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. The Royal Newfoundland Regiment soldier was entombed in the memorial at this ceremony.

The United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement replaces NAFTA.

Croatia becomes the 28th member of the European Union.