23 September 1963

The British travel company Thomas Cook Group ceased operations with immediate effect, leaving around 600,000 tourists stranded around the world.

Following a number of high-profile sexual assaults, major reforms were enacted to strengthen laws related to rape in Germany.

Teresa Lewis became the first woman to be executed by the U.S. state of Virginia since 1912, and the first woman in the state to be executed via lethal injection.

A gunman shot and killed ten students at the Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences in Kauhajoki, Finland, before committing suicide.

The first version of the web browser Firefox was released by the Mozilla Organization.

U.S. vice-presidential candidate Richard Nixon delivered the Checkers speech, one of the first political uses of television to appeal directly to the populace.

The Louisiana hurricane dissipated over Kansas after forcing around 4,500 people to evacuate and causing $1.45 million in damages.

The United Mine Workers of America begin a strike against the Rockefeller-owned Colorado Fuel & Iron Company, sparking the Colorado Coalfield War.

The French steamship Arctique ran aground on the northern coast of Cape Virgenes in Argentina; gold was discovered during the rescue effort, triggering the Tierra del Fuego gold rush.

Maratha troops were defeated by forces of the British East India Company at the Battle of Assaye, one of the decisive battles of the Second Anglo-Maratha War.

American Revolutionary War: British officer John André was captured by Patriot forces, thereby revealing a plot by Continental Army general Benedict Arnold to hand over West Point, New York.

First English Civil War: The Battle of Powick Bridge, the first engagement between the primary field armies of the Royalists and the Parliamentarians, ended in a Royalist victory.

The Battle of Arnemuiden, in which a French force defeats the English, is the first naval battle of the Hundred Years' War.

Pope Callixtus II and Holy Roman emperor Henry V agreed the Concordat of Worms (pictured), ending the Investiture Controversy.

Israel launches airstrikes against Hezbollah targets in Lebanon, killing more than 490 people.

Voting begins in the five-day sham annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine, leading to Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts.

Twenty people die on the first of two days of rioting in Papua and West Papua over an alleged racist incident.

Twenty-five people are killed after Typhoon Usagi passes Hong Kong and China.

Teresa Lewis becomes the first woman to be executed by the U.S. state of Virginia since 1912, and the first woman in the state to be executed by lethal injection.

Matti Saari kills ten people at a school in Finland before committing suicide.

Over 3,000 people die in Haiti after Hurricane Jeanne produces massive flooding and mudslides.

Qantas Flight 1 overruns a runway in Bangkok during a storm, causing minor injuries to some passengers.

Gulf Air Flight 771 is destroyed by a bomb, killing all 112 people on board.

Argentine general election: Juan Perón returns to power in Argentina.